Undergraduate FAQs

You’ve got questions, we’ve got answers.

How do I meet with an MAE advisor?

How do I have my term advising required hold removed (pre-registration)?

  • MAE pre-registration advising typically begins 2.5-3 weeks before the first day of enrollment – watch for emails from your MAE academic advisor with specific dates
  • During the pre-registration period, log into Wolfware, click on the “Projects” tab, and click the Moodle icon to access the current active pre-registration website
  • Pre-registration instructions are provided on the pre-registration Moodle website
  • Your “term advising required” hold will be removed after you complete pre-registration advising
  • Check the university registration calendar for official enrollment dates https://studentservices.ncsu.edu/calendars/enrollment/

I missed the regular pre-registration advising period. How do I get advised now?

  • Follow the instructions given in the previous question

I tried to register, but My Pack says I do not have a valid enrollment date. Why is this?

  • You are trying to register before your enrollment date
  • Check the Enrollment Wizard in My Pack for your enrollment start date and time

I have a hold on my account that is preventing me from enrolling in classes. How can I get the hold removed?

  • Advising/registration hold: Follow the MAE pre-registration advising instructions
  • Non-payment/cashier’s office holds: Late payments for tuition or student health services. Payment must be made to the University Cashier’s Office before the hold can be released
  • Student conduct holds: Academic integrity or student conduct violation. Contact the Office of Student Conduct for more information
  • Student Health hold: Contact the Student Health Center for more information

Where can I find help planning out my remaining courses to make sure I graduate on time?

  • Use your degree audit as your guide for planning courses
  • If you want to deviate from the suggested sequence of courses in the degree audit, be sure you will meet prerequisites for future courses.
  • Aerospace students should be aware that the aerospace engineering curriculum is very structured. Deviating from the suggested plan of study could result in delaying graduation by at least one year.
  • Mechanical engineering course offerings are more frequent. Most 200-, 300-, and some 400-level ME courses are offered three times a year. Be sure you have planned your senior year to accommodate year-long senior design (fall-spring consecutively).
  • Take advantage of the Planner in My Pack to plan out all of your courses

What are the requirements for graduating from College of Engineering?

  • Check the Graduation Policy on the College of Engineering Website.
    • This will give you information regarding the GPA and credit-hour requirements you need in order to apply for graduation, as well as the application process.

Can I be enrolled in fewer than 12 credit hours during the last semester of my undergraduate degree?

  • Students who are enrolled in the final courses required to complete their undergraduate degree during a regular semester are permitted to take fewer than 12 credit hours and still be considered full time
  • Students who receive financial aid must check with the NCSU Financial Aid Office or their provider to make sure requirements are met for continuation of aid
  • See the official university policy on course load here: http://policies.ncsu.edu/regulation/reg-02-20-05

Which courses are C-wall for MAE?

I made a C- in a C-wall class. Does this satisfy the C-wall requirement?

  • Yes, for courses that are not required for CODA
  • Certain CODA courses will required a grade of C or better: CH 101, CH 102, E 101, MA 141, MA 241, PY 205 and PY 206

Which courses in the mechanical/aerospace engineering curriculum can be taken for credit only?

  • E 115 and physical education (HES) courses can be taken for credit only
  • All other courses, including GEP requirements, must be graded

How can I get an official copy of my transcript?

  • Transcripts can now be ordered online through the Office of Student Services

How many credit hours must I complete to reach the next academic level?

  • Freshman: 0-29 Credit hours passed
  • Sophomore: 30-59 Credit hours passed
  • Junior: 60-91 Credit hours passed
  • Senior: 92 or more

How are GPAs calculated?

  • GPA calculation here

Can I place out of a course (credit by examination)?

I need to reserve a classroom for a student organization-related event. Whom do I contact about this?

I am a co-op student who needs to submit a plan of work or a post co-op report and forms. How do I make an appointment?

  • A formal meeting with your MAE adviser is not required
  • Email your academic advisor (Mrs. Cheryl Tran – ME or Dr. Felix Ewere – AE) a completed co-op plan of work form or a copy of your co-op post-work report and advisor evaluation form

What is the difference between a co-op and an internship, and when is the best time to apply for one?

  • A co-op is a structured, university approved work program designed to allow students to alternate semesters of school and paid work in their field of study. During semesters of work, students enroll in a zero credit co-op class (COP ***) that allows them to maintain continuous enrollment. Co-op generally requires one extra year in school to complete the program, and the time spent working can be applied toward a professional engineering license. For more information about co-op, visit the co-op website. Students should apply for the co-op program after they have CODAed.
  • An internship is paid career-related experience, typically during the summer – though some students intern during the semester. Students can intern at any time.  If a full-time internship is accepted during the fall or spring semester, you will need to withdraw and reapply for the next semester.  This can be avoided by taking at least one course from NCSU while interning, on-campus or via distance education (non-MAE courses only). An internship does not apply toward a professional engineering license.
  • The Career Development Center  provides the  ePACK system to help you find a co-ops, internships and post-graduate employment.

Can I receive course credit for an internship or engineering-related job?

  • Course credit cannot be awarded for internships or jobs

Is there a course that will help me prepare for the fundamental of engineering (FE) exam, and is the class required to take the exam?

What are the CODA requirements for MAE?

How can I transfer into or out of the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering?

  • It is important to note that spots for intra-campus transfers into all engineering majors are extremely limited.
    • The CODA application (found in MyPack Portal) is used to transfer into ANY major at NCSU. Changing your major entails submitting a CODA application for the major(s) you desire.
    • Students who are planning an intra-campus transfer INTO any engineering major must satisfy the engineering CODA requirements, which are described here: http://www.engr.ncsu.edu/academics/undergrad/coda/.
    • Students who are planning an intra-campus transfer out of ME or AE to a different major within the the College of Engineering may contact Dr. Mary Clare Robbins (mrobbins@ncsu.edu) or the academic adviser for that department with any questions.
    • Students who are planning an intra-campus transfer out of ME or AE to a non-engineering major should first visit the Academic Advising Services website for information on admission requirements and for the name of an adviser in that department. Those who need more guidance about choosing non-engineering majors should plan to attend the AAPS drop-in hours.
    • For Students seeking to transfer into MAE from community college, four-year colleges and universities, and from institutions in foreign countries, please see the College of Engineering website. Be aware that these transfers are not initiated in the MAE department.

How does the university’s drop/add deadline work? Is the “W” given for post-census day drops bad on my transcript?

  • Be sure to familiarize yourself with the university’s course drop/add policy
  • Students may self-drop from a course from census day through the first eight (8) weeks (40 days) of regular fall and spring terms and during the first thirteen (13) days of summer terms
  • Undergraduate student course drops after census day are considered to be course withdrawals and result in a W grade on the transcript
  • Undergraduate students will be limited to a maximum of sixteen (16) hours of course withdrawals over their academic career
  • All hours from course withdrawals will count as attempted hours for course repeats, determining eligibility to continue enrollment, and determining eligibility to receive financial aid
  • One or two late drop W’s are not likely to cause a problem on your transcript as long as they are not for the same course, but some graduate schools may count the W’s negatively when considering your application
  • Drop/add deadlines for each semester can be found in the NCSU Academic Calendar

When do the MAE labs begin each semester?

  • ME labs normally begin the third week of classes during regular semesters
  • Some AE labs begin the second week of class, some the third week
  • Check your lab’s Moodle website for more information

How do I enroll in a 500-level MAE course if I am an undergraduate?

  • Undergraduates must have completed all 300-level MAE lecture courses required for their major and have a minimum 3.5 cumulative GPA to be eligible for enrollment in 500-level MAE courses.
  • 500-level MAE courses can be counted as technical electives for ME and AE, but graduate courses used to satisfy undergraduate degree requirement cannot be applied to a graduate degree. (The one exception is for 5-year accelerated BS/MS students.)
  • Students who satisfy the requirements above and wish to enroll in a 500-level MAE course should make a request via the MAE Course Enrollment Request Form

How do I enroll in a junior- or senior-level MAE course if I have not yet CODAed into the MAE department?

  • Students are allowed to enroll in MAE 206 Engineering Statics, MAE 208 Engineering Dynamics, MAE 201 Engineering Thermodynamics I, and MAE 214 Solid Materials pre-CODA
  • Students who have not CODAed into the MAE department are not eligible to enroll in MAE 200, MAE 250, MAE 251 or any MAE classes at the 300-level or above
  • See the MAE academic policies for more information about permission to enroll in MAE courses

What can I do if I do not meet the prerequisites for an MAE class?

  • Prerequisites are strictly enforced for all MAE courses. See the list of prerequisites.
  • Any student who meets a prerequisite with a transfer course that has not yet appeared on his/her degree audit may request enrollment via the MAE Course Enrollment Request From (will be prompted to provide proof, such as an unofficial transcript).
  • Students with special circumstances may appeal to the MAE undergraduate advisory committee for an exception. A student requesting any exception to an MAE pre-/co-requisite, rule or regulation must submit the request and a copy of the planner and degree audit from My Pack. Exception requests can be submitted through the MAE Exception Request Form.
  • See the MAE academic policies for more information about permission to enroll in MAE courses.

Do I have to take co-requisite courses at the same time?

  • Yes, MAE co-requisites are enforced

How can I get into a class outside of the MAE department that is restricted?

  • When there are open seats in a course that are reserved for specific majors, you may attend class the first day and ask the instructor for permission to have one of the restricted seats.  If the instructor grants permission, an administrator in the offering department will need to do a manual course enrollment.
  • If the course restriction says departmental approval required, you may contact the instructor to find out who in the department can grant permission (permission must come from the department teaching the class).

I want to take ENG 331 next semester when I am a junior, but I cannot sign up for the class because of the junior standing restriction. What should I do?

  • The English department does not make exceptions to this restriction
  • Take ENG 331 later on. It doesn’t matter when, since it is not a prerequisite for any other course.

I am an incoming freshman. How do I register for my first semester of classes?

I am an incoming transfer student. How do I register for my first semester of classes, and whom should I contact with questions about my transfer courses?

  • You will receive a welcome email (typically in late-spring/early summer for fall admits, and in late-November/December for spring admits) from either COE Academic Affairs or your MAE advisor with information on the steps needed to enroll in your first semester of courses.
  • You will be given access to the MAE incoming student Moodle website via Wolfware
  • You will be given the opportunity to submit questions and/or schedule a meeting with an advisor through the Moodle website

I am a transfer student. Do I need to take E 101 and/or E 102?

  • E 101 – Transfer students usually have extra transfer credits that can be used to cover E 101
  • E 102 – No, but you may need to take a substitute course from the GEP Interdisciplinary Perspectives category
  • Contact engineering@ncsu.edu if you are unsure whether you have transfer credits to cover E 101 and E 102

How can I get into a full class?

  • First, get on the wait list if you can. Note that wait lists are closed shortly after each semester begins and deleted on the last day to add a class.
  • Attend the first day and see if there is room and the instructor is willing to take extra students into the class.
  • For non-MAE courses, if the instructor grants permission, a schedule revision form can be used to add the course to your schedule.
  • For MAE courses, the instructor may contact your academic advisor (Mrs. Cheryl Tran – ME or Dr. Felix Ewere – Ae) indicating permission for you to be added to the class. Note that instructor permission does not guarantee departmental permission to enroll in a full MAE course.
  • It is not recommended that students contact the instructor before classes begin about getting into a full class

What are the differences between distance education and regular classes (non-MAE courses only)?

  • Students are not typically required to come to campus for distance education courses, except for some exams. Exam accommodations can be made for students out of state.
  • Distance education courses meet curriculum requirements the same as regular courses.
  • Some on-campus courses are listed as “internet” courses. These ARE NOT distance education courses; they are regular courses that will be administered online.

How do I register for distance education MAE courses?

  • Distance education MAE courses are reserved for students in special Engineering Online programs
  • Students who are not in one of these programs are not permitted to register for distance education MAE courses. No exceptions.

How can I take more courses after I complete my degree and graduate?

  • A student who has already earned a degree from NCSU may take more courses by registering as an NDS (non-degree studies) student

Can my MAE adviser help me get into non-MAE courses?

  • No. Only administrators in the department offering a course can add or remove students from classes in that department.

Are MAE courses always offered during the summer?

  • MAE course offerings during summers are dependent on instructor availability and student demand. If no instructor is available or demand for a course is low, it will not be offered.
  • Most 200-level, 300-level, and a few 400-level courses are NORMALLY offered in summers, but students should NEVER count on a course being offered during the summer when developing an academic plan of work.

Can I take more than more than 18 credit hours in a regular semester or 8 credit hours in a 5-week summer session?

  • You must have permission from your adviser for a semester course load waiver to enroll in more than 18 credit hours in a regular semester or 8 credit hours in a 5-week summer session
  • To request a waiver, email your MAE academic advisor (Mrs. Cheryl Tran – ME or Dr. Felix Ewere – AE)

What is the Maymester and how do I find courses offered during the Maymester?

  • The Maymester is a short 3-week “summer term” that begins immediately after the spring semester. It is intended for students who need a quick mode to complete one, 3-credit course.
  • You can find the exact dates of the Maymester term on the NCSU Academic Calendar
  • This is a good option for graduating seniors who have only one GEP or non-major course to finish in order to complete degree requirements
  • Maymester courses can be found under Summer Term 1 in the Enrollment Wizard and can be identified by the “3 week” notation

Can I register for senior level MAE courses if I am a junior?

  • Yes, as long as you meet all the prerequisites

How do I change a course to audit before the last day to drop a course?

I registered for courses, but I received an email notifying me that I have been/might be dropped. Why did this happen, and what can I do about it?

  • If you received an email that you have been or might be dropped from one or multiple courses, it is mostly likely for one of the following reasons:
    • Did not meet course prerequisites
    • Course was canceled
    • On academic suspension
    • Did not pay bill
  • If you feel you were dropped from an MAE course for a prerequisite violation in error, contact your MAE academic advisor (Mrs. Cheryl Tran – ME or Dr. Felix Ewere – AE)
  • If the course was canceled, there is nothing you can do except look for a different section or find another course
  • If you have been academically suspended, you may submit an appeal, but it may not be possible to regain admittance to the same courses/sections even after the issue is resolved
  • If you were dropped for non-payment, it may not be possible to regain admittance to the same courses/sections even after the issue is resolved. Check your original courses/sections for open seats, but be prepared to have to select alternate sections and/or courses.

I want to add/drop a course after the last day to add/drop. Can I do this?

  • Deadlines for adding/dropping courses can be found here
  • Late course additions (after census day) must be approved by the instructor of the course and the College of Engineering. A schedule revision form and should be used to add a course.
  • Late course drops (after the schedule revision deadline) are permitted only under certain extenuating circumstances. A schedule revision form and supplemental data form should be used to drop a course after the schedule revision deadline. The form must be accompanied by a letter of explanation addressed to COE Academic Affairs justifying the request and supporting documentation (doctor’s notes, counseling center notes, etc.).
  • Students who wish to drop all their courses after census day can request a term withdrawal via the MyPack Portal. Supporting documentation (doctor’s notes, counseling center notes, etc.) will be required.
  • More information regarding late term withdrawals can be found here.

Can I switch to another section of the same MAE course after the last day to add a class?

  • No

How does the grade exclusion policy work?

How many times can I repeat the same course?

  • The university allows only two attempts of the same course if a grade of C- or lower is earned
  • Courses in which a grade of C or better is earned cannot be repeated
  • Visit this link for information about the course repeat policies

I am repeating a course that has a corresponding lab. Do I need to retake the lab, as well?

  • If the lab is separate from the class and has any credit hours associated with it, you do not have to retake the lab
  • If the lab is zero credits and part of the class, you must retake the lab with the class

How can I find out whether I am suspended or on academic warning?

  • Log into My Pack and view your Degree Audit
  • Click on Total Units in the top right corner of the Degree Audit
  • Academic standing is shown at the bottom of the Total Units page

I have been academically suspended. Can I take classes while I am on suspension, and when can I return to school?

I received an email notifying me that I am have progress deficiency. What does this mean?

  • Progress deficiency means you are not progressing in your degree as required by the university (e.g., taking too many non-curriculum courses, repeating courses too many times, poor grades, etc.)
  • Students who receive a progress deficiency email should schedule a meeting with their adviser as soon as possible to develop an agreement and plan of work for improvement
  • Students who do not show improvement by the end of the academic year (spring semester) are at risk to be suspended from the university
  • The university policy on academic progress can be found here http://policies.ncsu.edu/regulation/reg-02-05-03

Which courses satisfy the computer science requirement for mechanical/aerospace engineering?

  • CSC 113 Matlab is the recommended programming course for AE and ME Majors
  • CSC 112 FORTRAN (via transfer credit – no longer offered at NCSU)
  • CSC 114 C++ (via transfer credit – no longer offered at NCSU)
  • BME 201 Computational Methods in BME (available to MAE student in summers only)
  • ECE 209 Computer Systems (prerequisite: ECE 109)
  • ISE 110 Computer-Based Modeling (for students who transferred from ISE only)
  • MA 116 Into to Scientific Programming (Matlab course)
  • Any 3 credit Matlab or C-based programming course

Can COM 110 be substituted for ENG 331?

  • No

Will either MSE 200 or MSE 201 satisfy the mechanical/aerospace engineering curriculum requirements?

  • Yes, either course will satisfy the ME and AE material science requirement

I have courses listed under non-degree that are substitutes for degree requirements (MA 116 for CSC 113, MSE 201 for MSE 200, MAE 496 for departmental elective, etc.). How can I move these courses in my degree audit?

  • Course substitutions must be done manually by an adviser
  • You may request a manual substitution in your degree audit by fill out this form

I am interested in a double major in mechanical and aerospace engineering. How many extra courses will I need to take, and how do I declare a second major?

  • Due to high CODA demand for many engineering majors, we are not able to accept AE/ME double majors at this time
  • The two majors are so similar, it is not necessary to double major. Ask your MAE academic advisor for recommendations on customizing your AE or ME degree to suit your interests.

I am interested in adding ME or AE as a second major. How many extra courses will I need to take, and how do I declare a second major?

  • Due to high CODA demand for all engineering majors, we are not able to accept current engineering students as a double major
  • If you are a non-engineering major and would like to add engineering as a second major, you may apply to CODA into an engineering major and designate “add a major” instead of “change major”
  • It is important to note that seats for second majors in all engineering departments are extremely limited

What is a good minor to complement my mechanical/aerospace engineering major?

  • Popular minors among MAE students include (but are not limited to)
    • Graphics communications
    • Mathematics
    • Physics
    • Computer programming
    • Business minors: administration, management, entrepreneurship, etc.
    • Engineering minors: industrial, material science, nuclear
    • Engineering education
    • Data science
    • Economics
    • GEP minors: political science, foreign languages, philosophy, history, etc.
  • For more information about minors, visit Academic Advising Services

Can I get a minor in mechanical/aerospace engineering?

  • We do not offer a minor in ME or AE at this time

How do I declare a minor?

  • Fill out a minor declaration form and email it to the minor advisor
  • Once the minor advisor has signed the form, send it to studentservices@ncsu.edu
  • The minor audit will appear as another “Degree Audit” in My Pack and will be designated on your official transcript at the same time your degree is conferred

What is the proper etiquette when emailing instructors?

What is the Faculty Mentor Program?

What is the Faculty Mentor Program Handbook?

How and when do I apply for graduation?

  • Apply for graduation no later than the beginning of the semester or summer session in which you are completing the last courses you need to finish your curriculum requirements
  • There is one simple step for graduation check-out: Submit a graduation request in My Pack
  • Once you have applied for graduation, you will receive email communications from the university and department about graduation-related details

Where and when are the departmental and university graduation ceremonies?

  • Information about the university graduation ceremony can be found here
  • Information about the MAE graduation ceremony can be found on the MAE website each semester

I am interested in applying for graduate school in the MAE department. How can I find out more information?

How do I apply for scholarships, and what are my odds of receiving one?

  • Students should complete an application in Pack Assist to apply for all COE and MAE scholarships
  • Applications should be submitted no later than March 1 to be considered for scholarships in the next academic year
  • Be sure to update your Pack Assist application every year to remain eligible
  • Most MAE and COE scholarships are awarded only to students post-CODA
  • About 15% of MAE students received some type of COE or MAE scholarship
  • Odds of receiving a scholarship vary by year. GPA (overall and major), financial need, personal statement, and classification are strongly weighted in the awarding process.
  • Availability of funds determines the number and amount of new scholarships awarded each year
  • A list of MAE departmental scholarships can be found here

I am interested in doing undergraduate research. How do I get started?

  • If you are doing well in your classes and have time for outside activities, then undergraduate research may be for you. It is an excellent experience that prepares you for higher education.
  • Visit the MAE undergraduate research webpage for information on how to get started
  • Posters highlighting the most current MAE research going on can be found all along the walls of the 3rd and 1st floors of EB3
  • To earn tech elective credit for research (MAE 496), fill out a MAE496 Sign-up Request Form (students must have completed most required 300-level ME or AE courses to be eligible to enroll in MAE 496)
  • Students will be required to submit a project proposal, mid-term progress report, and final report during the course of the semester in which they are registered for MAE 496

How do I join the MAE honors program, and what are the requirements for completion?

  • Students who have a minimum 3.5 cumulative GPA at the time of CODA are eligible to apply to the MAE honors program
  • The MAE honors program requires nine credit hours of honors coursework. At least three of the credits must be undergraduate thesis (MAE 496), and the other six credits can be graduate-level MAE courses or undergraduate MAE courses taken for honors credit.
  • MAE Honors Program Application: https://www.mae.ncsu.edu/academics/honors-pow.pdf

How many technical electives do I need to take for my mechanical/aerospace engineering major, and which courses are eligible?

  • See list of approved MAE electives
  • The AE degree requires 5 “guided” technical electives and 2 “open” technical electives
  • The ME degree requires 3 “open” technical electives
  • AE students may also choose from the ME electives, and ME students may also choose from the AE electives (pre and co-requisites must be fulfilled)
  • “Open” technical elective means you may choose from any courses on the approved MAE electives list

What are the GEP requirements for the mechanical/aerospace engineering curriculum?

  • All engineering students are required to take seven GEP courses (21 credit hours total) from several different categories.
  • For MAE students, one of the seven must be an engineering ethics course
  • All GEP courses must be taken for a grade, except for health and exercise studies courses, which can be pass/fail (credit only)
  • The list of approved GEP courses can be found here

Which courses satisfy the ethics requirement for MAE?

  • STS 302, STS 304, STS 320 and PHI 214, PHI 375
  • IDS 201 and PHI/STS 325 are also acceptable, even though they do no appear on the “official” approved list for MAE ethics
  • NS 420 and MS 402 satisfy MAE ethics for students participating in ROTC programs

I have taken or plan to take a course at another college that I intend to transfer to meet one of my mechanical/aerospace engineering curriculum requirements. How can I make sure the course will transfer? (This includes study abroad.

  • First, check the list of pre-approved transfer courses for NC Community Colleges or other colleges/universities. If the course does not appear on either list, it will have to be evaluated for equivalence.
  • You must provide a complete syllabus, textbook list, and graded coursework (if the course has been completed already) for evaluation. These materials should be submitted to the department responsible for the course that you intend to substitute.
  • Contact engineering@ncsu.edu (study abroad students contact Mr. Brian Koehler at koehler@ncsu.edu) for help locating departmental representatives who can evaluate your transfer course
  • To enroll in courses at another college of university, you must contact that school, or visit their website, and follow the process for enrolling as a “visiting” student
  • To transfer your course to NCSU, have an official copy of your transcript sent to the Undergraduate Admissions Office.

My AP credit does not appear in my degree audit. How can I fix this?

  • Credit for AP courses will not appear in the degree audit until your AP scores have been sent to NC State from College Board
  • If there are errors or missing AP credits after scores have been received by NC State, contact the Office of Student Services (studentservices@ncsu.edu) for help

I plan to or have withdrawn from NCSU. Will the credits I’ve already earned expire, and how can I re-enroll if I decide to return?

  • The credits you earn at NCSU do not have an expiration date.
  • A student who withdraws in good standing (GPA 2.0 or higher) may return any time.
  • Students who withdraw before the start of a regular semester or summer term need only to drop all of their courses before census day to be considered withdrawn for that term
  • Students who wish to drop all their courses after census day can request a term withdrawal via the MyPack Portal. Supporting documentation (doctor’s notes, counseling center notes, etc.) will be required.
  • More information regarding late term withdrawals can be found here
  • The readmission guidelines and procedures can be found here

How do I completely withdraw from courses for a semester (or longer)?

  • If you plan to complete the current semester but do not plan to enroll during the following semester, simply do not register for any courses. You will be considered withdrawn from the university effective census day of the semester in which you are not enrolled.
  • Students who wish to drop all their courses after census day can request a term withdrawal via the MyPack Portal. Supporting documentation (doctor’s notes, counseling center notes, etc.) will be required.
  • More information regarding late term withdrawals can be found here